The Power of the Customers in the Automobile Industry Essay

1. The power of Customer There are two categories of customers in the automobile industry: final customer, the actual users of the end product and industry’s customer, for instance manufacture company buying the necessary items from the supplier. The power of customer is the extent of an impact that the buyer has on a supplier or manufacturing business. Buyers are powerful if: †¢ Purchase of large volumes †¢ The product is standardized †¢ Low switching costs †¢ Price sensitive †¢ Threat of backward integration 1.1. Ultimate customer Private customer is price sensitive. The cost of purchasing the car represents a significant percentage of consumer budget, therefore the price will become very important factor while choosing a product. Consumer†¦show more content†¦1.2. Industry’s buyers There are many different items needed, in order to manufacture a car. Therefore, the firm has to have very high control and insight on their supply chain. Kraljic’s matrix is a tool that helps to segment suppliers into 4 categories. By using the matrix, it is possible to differentiate items based on the their availability on the market and the extent of significance for the company. For instance, if there are only few alternative suppliers for an item and it is of high value for the company, possibly because of the large purchase volumes or nature of the item is of high complexity, it is categorized as a Strategic item on a producers market. In this case, the company faces potential shortages of future deliveries also the threat of losing control over supplier. There are two available strategies that the company could perform in order to secure deliveries and to gain the customer power. First option is to develop a close relationship with the supplier, to sign a long-term coo peration contract. Second solution is to use backward integration strategy, which is when the manufacturer enters the supplier’s business. Ford Motor Company experienced tough times during the early 20th century. Many suppliers could not survive low economical situation, therefore Ford faced shortages in deliveries and could not produce the quantity of cars demanded. First thought that Henry Ford tried to implement wasShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesChallenges facing the American Auto Industry The American Auto Industry has evolved for many decades with pioneers such as Ford Motor Company. The United States Auto Industry was once upon a time a global leader in the automotive industry but due to knowledge and skills acquisition by other automobile manufacturers such as Toyota, the once American Auto Industry leadership has been surpassed. I will give discuss this following paragraphs. Global Competition in the Industry So far the Toyota Motor CorporationRead MoreBusiness Strategies Of The Automobile Industry1553 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: The automobile industry is vast and complex in its operations as it involves the process of manufacturing and marketing vehicles and thus comprises of huge risk. As the auto mobile industry is prone to major challenges such as becoming customer centric, managing overcapacity, balancing between marketing, advertising and branding to be sustainable, and to make profits in the commoditised market makes essential for the automobile industry to efficiently plan and implement business strategiesRead MoreToyota Motor Corporation Of Japan Essay768 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Auto Industry has evolved for many decades with pioneers such as Ford Motor Company. The United States Auto Industry was once upon a time a global leader in the automotive industry but due to knowledge and skills acquisition by other automobile manufacturers such as Toyota, the once American Auto Industry leadership has been surpassed. I will give discuss this following paragraphs. Global Competition in the Industry So far the Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan has surpassed all the AmericanRead MoreGeneral Motors: The Decline of an Automotive Giant1345 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1: Using Porters five forces framework, discuss the competitiveness of the global automobile market. Porters five forces framework is a model of competitive industry structure. These are the threat of entry of new competitors, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of buyers and of suppliers and the rivalry between the existing competitors. Where these forces are intense, below-average industry performance can be expected; where these forces are mild, superior performance is commonRead MoreIndustry Analysis : Automobile Industry1561 Words   |  7 PagesAutomobile Industry Analysis The automobile industry is one of the world’s largest industries, and despite the recession in 2008, the industry shows progress in climbing its way back to the top. The automobile industry includes more than 200 companies, with a combined annual revenue of $230 billion (First Research, Para 3). The purpose of this report is to analyze the industry and relevant trends, in order to evaluate the attractiveness of entering this industry. Macro Environment and Drivers ofRead MoreChallenges of the Automobile Industry of USA Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesAs we all know, automobile industry plays an important part in the economy of USA; however, this industry is facing some environmental challenges. In this assignment, I would like to discuss about the challenges that the automobile industry of USA is struggling with. Specifically, there are four main challenges that will be looked into details which are global competition, new technology, emission’s effect on the environment and the government’s reaction, and the consumers’ opinion about the productsRead MoreIndustry Analysis Using Porter ´s Five Forces Model Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesSECTION ONE: INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 1.1 Features of the Industry The automobile industry experienced intensive competition and low profitability in the past due to crisis. The ‘Five Forces’ model advanced by Porter is influential in its capability to designate many market conditions. This framework predicts the profitability of a market, it is a powerful tool for analysing industries, but firms should consider number of problems experienced when it is used. The major problem are to do with industry definitionRead MoreGoogle Car Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pageswill succeed or fail, the best strategy for Google to adopt. For the industry analysis, Porter’s five forces (Appendix 1) will be used to explore the environment of the automobile industry and if Google will be able to enter the industry and produce automobiles on its own. The financials of Google will also be analyzed to prove if it is economically capable of investing enough capitals in the system and manufacturing automobiles. A SWOT analysis and discussion of the competitive advantages of GoogleRead MoreGlobal Automobile Industry in 20091416 Words   |  6 Pagesthorough a nalysis of the external forces that shaped the global automotive industry in 2009 reveals how the rivalry between established car makers set the stage for some to successfully survive the global recession while others were forced to seek Chapter 11 bankruptcy. A closer consideration of the impact of consolidation, demand and supply, fixed costs, product differentiation, and exit barriers on rivalry within the industry reveals how new entrants and weaker competitors were able to take advantageRead MoreFive Forces1027 Words   |  5 Pagesand automobile industries. Determinants of Entry By entering into car manufacturing market is very costly and risky as the initial costs required a large capital investment on technologies, economics of scale and accessibility to distribution channels has restricted the entry of new entrant to the industry. Toyota is a popular brand and constant market presence in different sectors with largesize that allows Toyota to have a competitive advantage over the new entrants in the automobile industry

Multicultural Awareness As A Clinical Mental Health Counselor

Journal: Multicultural Awareness This paper will introduce and define the need for Multicultural awareness as a clinical mental health counselor. It will further explore examples of various topics in Multicultural counseling such as: Racial and ethnic diversity, gender and social economic status. As a result of this research, in Multicultural awareness, the self-assessment rendered the identity of myself. It allowed me to realize what and who I was as â€Å"other.† In realizing who I was as â€Å"other†, I saw my own self-identity, and some of my flaws. Therefore, this assessment made me realize the need to develop a plan to correct areas of which demonstrated lower scores in: acceptance of change, stereotyping, and assuming may interfere as a mental health counselor if not corrected. Multicultural Self-Assessment After taking the multicultural self-assessment, my results revealed the following about myself. For the most part of this assessment, my strongest points were rounded in cultural diversity a nd understanding. Contrary to such, I scored lower in the areas of â€Å"assuming something is when it’s not,† â€Å"stereotyping,† and â€Å"adapting new changes† (Petrone, M. C. 2004). Lastly, more often than not results displayed equality, and positive outlook type of personality. For example, in posting to the discussion board, I tried to respond to topics without, disrespecting ones’ values, and at the same time introducing awareness about the topic. First Time I Realized I was â€Å"Other† The firstShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Counselor Competencies Reflect On Culturally911 Words   |  4 Pages Multicultural counselor competencies reflect on culturally sensitive counselors, that are mindful of several foundational principles. These principals include, activation of schema and confirmatory bias; awareness; group differences; racial and cultural identity development; and multiple. As stated on page 230, paragraph one, T he Multicultural Counseling Competencies (Arrendondo et al., 1996; Sue and et al., 1992) set standards for the development of beliefs and attitudes, knowledgeRead MoreDiversity, Racial, And Cultural Factors1277 Words   |  6 Pages Multicultural competence is defined as acquiring the essential skills in order to interact successful with individuals of diverse cultural or ethnic backgrounds (Holcomb- Mc Coy Myers, 1999). Multicultural competency in counseling helps clinicians diminish the deeply rooted assumptions of a particular group and enables them understand their own values and gain a better perspective and empathy to successfully respond towards the needs of diverse populations. Clinicians are able to learn and recognizeRead MoreThe Emotional Intensity Of The Clinical Material785 Words   |  4 Pagespopulations. The emotional intensity of the clinical material (real life stories about torture, beheadings, sex trafficking or so) can inflict providers with vicarious traumat ization. Hence, care providers apply self-care strategies for themselves when working with the victims of torture. Williams and Berry (1991) proposed a few suggestions to make changes at systemic level. These changes comprises developing school curricula that promote multicultural and multiracial understanding and toleranceRead More Multicultural Counseling Critique Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Counseling Critique: Counseling Utilization by Ethnic Minority College Students Although the practice of counseling has evolved considerably since its inception, the concept of multicultural competence remains novel. Engrossed in the lives of every clinician are underlined biases and prejudices that act as filters in which every interaction with a clients is affected. Current research on the topic of multicultural counseling has shown that although multicultural awareness is on theRead MoreCultural Diversity : A Cultural Assessment, Diagnosis And Or Treatment807 Words   |  4 PagesEngaging into the importance of multicultural competence, awareness of such competency has become a significant necessity in the area of mental health, and various fields of psychology (Hayes, 2008). It is essential for a counselor to be multicultural competent in order to develop a therapeutic alliance with a client, while understanding their cultural identity. Therefore, culturally competent knowledge, attitudes, and skills of diverse culture, is necessary, in proper treatment an d diagnosis. Read MoreMy Goal As A Licensed Counselor961 Words   |  4 Pagescompared to other mental health professions. In my brief personal and professional experience with the field, I have come to define counseling as a process of engagement between two people, both of whom are bound to change through a collaborative process that involves both the therapist and the client in co-constructing solutions to concerns. Mental and emotional health can have interpersonal, and social impacts; I want to provide evidenced-based mental, emotional and behavioral health interventionsRead MoreDiversity in the United States1647 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation continues to increase in racial and ethnic diversity, therefore, it is pertinent that mental health professionals tailor their services to the needs of various cultural populations (Constantine, Kindaichi, Arorash, Donnelly, Jung, 2002). The awareness that ethnic minorities experience negative consequences from being oppressed, resulted in the multicultural competence pedagogy and has helped counselors identify effective strategies to generate social change (Hage, 2003; Vera Speight, 2003)Read MoreOvercoming Racism And Discrimination That Has Affected Asian And Native Americans1426 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, I will identify how a counselor can reduce the effects of racism and discrimination that has affected Asian and Native Americans. Additionall y, I will address what role a counselor plays in reducing the stigma of mental illness within both Asian and Native American’s community. Furthermore, I will highlight how the reading material from your textbook aligns with the issues presented in the videos, Asian American/Pacific Islanders and Mental Health and The Mental Health of Native Americans as wellRead MoreThe Roles of a Counselor2069 Words   |  9 Pagesand Functions of a Clinical Mental Health Counselor M. Smith The Roles and Functions of a CMHC COUN 5004: COUN5223 - Introduction to Mental Health Counseling Dr. April 29, 2012 Smith 2 Mental health counseling programsRead MoreCertain Populations Use Mental Health Care Services More than Others3227 Words   |  13 PagesOver the years, mental health researchers have become increasingly interested in conducting research pertaining to the utilization rates and the provision of efficacious services to ethnically and racially diverse populations (Sue Sue, 1990). Furthermore, research has concluded that certain populations may utilize mental health services more than others. In particular, individuals from underrepresented and minority populations are less likely to utilize mental health services than other populations

MA in Virgin Airlines

Question: Discuss about theMA in Virgin Airlines. Answer: Introduction In terms of sales departments, the management has emphasized upon disseminating the different roles of management reporting into several sets of job profiles. These posts comprises of Accounts Managers, Operational Executives and sales analysts. The key revenue indicators comes from passenger ticket sales, this is to be followed by the revenues generated through the freighting activities coupled with providing logistical solutions. Instead of machine hours as used in manufacturing and production operations, the airline uses Block Hour (BH). A synonym for Aircraft Hour, the BH is determined by the duration that a particular flight takes between moving out of departure gate until entering the arrival gate (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). The productivity of airlines is computed using the BH unit; Virgin too utilizes these unitary measures in order to gauge the degree of efficiency of its operating activities. The primary fleet of airbus operated by the company comprises of Boeing 7 37-400 and 737-800 (Virgin Australia 2016). The airline sets a particular benchmark for utilization of its aircraft carriers based upon the industry standards and thereby computes the degree of variance based upon the frequency of its flight schedules. In terms of measuring the overall unit costs of operations, the cost per unit of available seat mile (CASM) is utilized by the Virgin Airline likewise other airline companies. The basic methodology for computing CASM is through determination of aggregate operating costs followed by computing the quantum of available seat miles and then dividing the former with the latter (Web.mit.edu 2016). The actual CASM is derived and analyzed periodically; mostly on a quarterly basis in order undertake comparison with the industry standards. The benchmarking of the costs as against Virgin Airlines domestic and international competitors assists in evaluating the effectiveness of cost management operations currently implemented by the company. Revenue Passenger Miles (RPM) is the measurement unit of computing the degree of passenger traffic managed by the airline in the last quarter, half year or annual period. The RPM is a indicator of the salability of the airline due to the fact that computation of RPM entails determining the number of airline seats sold by the company. A high RPM tends to indicate the fact that the company has succeeded towards retaining its existing consumer base along with attracting newer sets of flyers (iata.org 2016). The analysts undertaking the evaluation of sales activities tends to use RPM as a parameter to make recommendations regarding current management policies concerning the sales activities. The load factor is another costing unit utilized in order to assist in determining the quantum of consumption of airline output. The load factor comprises of using the RPM as a percentage of Available Seat Miles (ASM). Moreover, the computations as regards to load factor is done by the company on a w eek by week basis in accordance with the industry norms which is then aggregated at the end of a particular quarter. The revenue generated by the company through carriage activities pertaining to its passengers are categorized as passenger revenue (PR). Moreover, they are appropriated on the basis of schedule flight operations thereby attributing the costs in accordance to each activity. The passenger revenue is a representation of a division among the sources of revenue generation by the airline. The generated revenue by the airline is segregated amongst the revenue earned from passengers and those earned purely from logistical activities. Another form of measurement of revenue relates to the fact that the total revenue is to be computed with regards to ASM in order to facilitate evaluation of revenue generated per ASM. Airline industry in general has diverse sets of costs comprising of regulatory expenses, operating expenses, services costs and costs pertaining to security, technological up gradation expenditures among others. Virgin Airlines has numerous expenses that are variable in nature and cost of which tends to vary upon several relevant factors. Primary among them being the travel routes in which the airline operates. Moreover, the purchasing mechanism for aircraft carriers, maintenance costs, staff salaries, aviation fuels costs among others. Further, the maintenance costs relating to aircrafts vary in quantum. This is owing to the fact that the specification, fuselage and efficiency along with the engineering involved in manufacturing the aircrafts vary from aircraft to aircraft. The airlines follow ABC method of costing in order to compute aircraft maintenance costs due to the inherent nature of cost allocation facilitated by ABC costing. The ABC method of costing has been developed with an intention towards providing a enhanced set of platform for cost ascertainment than what was provided by Traditional Cost Accounting (TCA). The benefits as regards to ABC Costing arise from the fact that the product cost behavior can be adequately evaluated by companies implementing the method (Drury 2013). In terms of Virgin Airlines, the usually distorted sets of cost computations resulting from implementation of TCA can be reduced substantially by applying ABC. In case of TCA, the allocation of overhead costs has been facilitated through accumulation of costs from each department. This is followed by allocating them to the services or products (Levant and Zimnovitch 2013). On the other hand, ABC costing tends to undertake cost ascertainment and allocation based upon different sets of activities (Kaplan and Anderson 2013). Thereby, the allocating processes under ABC are more transparent and rational in nature for airline companies like Virgin. Airline industry in general incurs heavy maintenance costs that can be segregated into both direct and indirect costs. Every set of Airline Company, including Virgin Airlines, tends to have their activities distributed amongst aircraft maintenance, cabin and crew maintenance, structure maintenance coupled with upkeep of relevant tools. The aircraft maintenance activities comprise of preflight checking and functioning, inspection of aircraft decks, performing onboard operation checks along with cleaning of airbuses. Further, in terms of cabin maintenance, the activities entails maintaining the rugs, seats and carpets inside the flights coupled with installation and upkeep of emergency medical aids. The structure maintenance pertaining to airbuses comprises of repairing, oiling and painting, overhauling and wielding activities. The direct costs in relation to airline operations includes engine maintenance costs, direct labor costs as in salaries of cockpit crews and aeronautical engineers directly involved in operating in the predetermined routes. Moreover the leasing, rents relating to airbus maintenance, both heavy and base aircraft maintenance consumables falls under direct costs. The primary form of overhead costs includes regulatory fees to be paid to aviation authorities, depreciations as regards to airbuses and the rent relating to aircraft hangars. The majority of MA functions are undertaken by the Finance department whose functions includes initiating the financial analysis, financial forecasting, preparation of internal audit report, management of expansionary and up-gradation projects (Virgin Australia 2016). The relevant job roles pertaining to the finance department comprises of Auditor, Project Managers, Business Analysts and Accountants along with specialization in IT architecture and softwar e. The major forms of reports generated by airlines in order to facilitate managerial decision making comprises of preparation Flight Load on a daily basis. The flight load pertaining to a particular period comprises of flight numbers, the operating flight routes, details regarding the departure and arrival time. Further, such report also takes into account the volume of passenger booking the flights coupled with no show. The next line of reports tends to provide details regarding BH, RPM, ASM and PR in order to facilitate performance evaluation of activities undertaken by the company. Moreover, preparation of budget forecasting under the supervision of Finance Department tends to assist in mitigating the prevalent degree of cost overruns. References: Belobaba, P., Odoni, A. and Barnhart, C., 2015.The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Borenstein, S. and Rose, N.L., 2014. How airline markets work or do they? Regulatory reform in the airline industry. InEconomic Regulation and Its Reform: What Have We Learned?(pp. 63-135). University of Chicago Press DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Hill, G., 2016. Cost management.MHD Supply Chain Solutions,46(4), p.16 Joseph, J. and Vetrivel, M.A., 2013. Impact of target costing and activity based costing on improving the profitability of spinning mills in coimbatore-empirical study on spinning mills.Journal of Contemporary Research in Management,7(2). Kaplan, R. and Anderson, S.R., 2013.Time-driven activity-based costing: a simpler and more powerful path to higher profits. Harvard business press. Kaplan, R. and Anderson, S.R., 2013.Time-driven activity-based costing: a simpler and more powerful path to higher profits. Harvard business press. Levant, Y. and Zimnovitch, H., 2013. Contemporary evolutions in costing methods: Understanding these trends through the use of equivalence methods in France.Accounting History,18(1), pp.51-75. Raeesi, R. and Amini, A., 2013. Developing a Grey Activity Based Costing (G-abc)Method to Capture the Inherent Uncertainity in Identifying Cost Drivers Consumption Rates. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal,17(2), p.41. Virgin Australia. (2016). Department Profiles | Virgin Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.virginaustralia.com/au/en/about-us/careers/department-profiles/ [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. Web.mit.edu. (2016). Airline Data Project. [online] Available at: https://web.mit.edu/airlinedata/www/Res_Glossary.html [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. www.iata.org, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents/economics/passenger-analysis-jul-2016.pdf [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016].

International Economic Development free essay sample

This paper has presented an overview of some of the most important issues in the arena of international development and trade. This paper presents an overview of some of the most important issues in the arena of international development and trade. Obviously, especially in the aftermath of Sept. 11, the balancing of the economic, political, social and cultural interests of all members of the international community is a complex and difficult task ? and may in the end prove not to be possible at all. As last months events have once again demonstrated, we are all linked together in a single world, one in which the idea of the modern nation-state itself is becoming increasingly less meaningful. Even as political alliances bind the world together, we found ourselves powerfully reminded of the way in which the world is a single entity in terms of its economic systems as stock markets rocked throughout the world after Sept. We will write a custom essay sample on International Economic Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 11 and talk was of how a recession in the United States would have international implications even as U.S. markets themselves had been weakened in the past several years due to weakness in Asian markets. This economic interdependence is in part due to the importance of international trade.

20 Synonyms for Ghost

20 Synonyms for Ghost 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Ghost† 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Ghost† By Mark Nichol Ghost conjures an image of a visual but incorporeal representation of a person, but not all ghosts are alike, and like ghost, most of its synonyms also have connotations that apply to the everyday, substantial world. Here are twenty of those terms, with references to their natural connotations as well as supernatural ones: 1. apparition: a ghostly figure, or a sight that is unexpected or unusual 2. bogey (or bogie or bogy): synonymous with phantom and spirit, but also something that prompts fear or dread; by extension, an unidentified aircraft, especially an enemy warplane (also the source of the term bogeyman often spelled boogeyman referring to a monster whose name is invoked by parents or other adults to frighten children into obedience 3. banshee: a female spirit whose appearance or wailing cry presages death 4. bogle: synonymous with specter (the word from which bogey and its variants were derived) 5. eidolon: synonymous with phantom, but also refers to an exemplar or ideal 6. familiar (or familiar spirit): a spirit that takes animal form and protects or serves a person, especially a witch (also refers to flesh-and-blood figures, including a companion or other well-known person or a person seen frequently in a specific place or in general, a household attendant for a important official, or somebody who knows a subject well 7. haunt (or hant): synonymous with ghost; also, a frequented location, or, as a verb, to visit or reappear or recur frequently, or to trouble, or to inhabit or visit (said of a ghost) 8. materialization: synonymous with apparition 9. phantasm (or fantasm): synonymous with specter; also, an illusion or product of the imagination, or a mental image of a physical object 10. phantom: synonymous with apparition, but other figurative senses include something that is elusive or that has no physical form, including a representation, or something that evokes dread 11. poltergeist: a noisy, mischievous ghost 12. shade: a spirit, or a fleeting or unreal appearance, in addition to the standard meanings associated with the obscuring of light 13. shadow: synonymous with apparition, in addition to literal and figurative senses regarding partial darkness 14. specter (or spectre): a visible ghost; also refers figuratively to some threat or imminent disturbance, such as the threat of famine or war 15. spirit: a ghost that may or may not be visible, or a being capable of possessing a person; also, an animating force, a supernatural being, or a characteristic quality or temper 16. spook: synonymous with specter, but also slang referring to a spy 17. sprite: synonymous with ghost, though more often synonymous with elf or fairy or used to refer to an elflike person 18. vision: a supernatural appearance, not necessary of a lifelike figure, that reveals something to the viewer, in addition to connotations associated with sight as well as imagination 19. visitant: a visitor from a spirit realm; also, a real-life visitor 20. wraith: synonymous with specter, but also has the sense of a representation of a living person that appears to another just before that person’s death; also, like shadow, refers to a remnant, either of a person or a thing Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureThe Many Forms of the Verb TO BE20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing

Free Essays on The Classroom †Opening The Doors

By framing her discussion of â€Å"contacts zones† with the story of an ancient text representative of a verbal communication, Mary Louise Pratt implies that the most interesting communication is created through a mix of several voices. She describes the â€Å"contact zone† as a "social space where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power." (Pratt 584) Pratt suggests that this highly diverse â€Å"contact zone† creates a much more interesting and conducive environment rather than a standard, homogeneous group of people. This type of setting is created because those estranged from the dominant group skillfully use the tools of those in the majority in order to create conversation with them. However, when this happens, those among the minority group often restrict themselves or hide their true characteristics to assist them as they interact with the dominant group. As I look back on previous experiences throughout my life, differences in cultural identities have placed me in the midst of various "contact zones," the most recent being in my high school right in the heart of upstate New York. I was subject to witness my African American companion, Darius, who was engulfed by the presence of an overwhelming white population, struggle and conform to the characteristics of that community. Pratt describes this as â€Å"transculturation,† the phenomenon in which a dominated culture or someone from a dominated culture adopts some characteristics of the prevailing culture as their own. Darius eventually marginalized a point of entry into the dominant circuits of the existing culture by â€Å"transculturizing,† much like Guaman Poma's New Chronicle in Pratt’s essay, the â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone.† After evaluating Darius’ situation of being one of only three minorities present within the classroom, I recall how each of them â€Å"transculturized† into the dominant g... Free Essays on The Classroom – Opening The Doors Free Essays on The Classroom – Opening The Doors By framing her discussion of â€Å"contacts zones† with the story of an ancient text representative of a verbal communication, Mary Louise Pratt implies that the most interesting communication is created through a mix of several voices. She describes the â€Å"contact zone† as a "social space where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power." (Pratt 584) Pratt suggests that this highly diverse â€Å"contact zone† creates a much more interesting and conducive environment rather than a standard, homogeneous group of people. This type of setting is created because those estranged from the dominant group skillfully use the tools of those in the majority in order to create conversation with them. However, when this happens, those among the minority group often restrict themselves or hide their true characteristics to assist them as they interact with the dominant group. As I look back on previous experiences throughout my life, differences in cultural identities have placed me in the midst of various "contact zones," the most recent being in my high school right in the heart of upstate New York. I was subject to witness my African American companion, Darius, who was engulfed by the presence of an overwhelming white population, struggle and conform to the characteristics of that community. Pratt describes this as â€Å"transculturation,† the phenomenon in which a dominated culture or someone from a dominated culture adopts some characteristics of the prevailing culture as their own. Darius eventually marginalized a point of entry into the dominant circuits of the existing culture by â€Å"transculturizing,† much like Guaman Poma's New Chronicle in Pratt’s essay, the â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone.† After evaluating Darius’ situation of being one of only three minorities present within the classroom, I recall how each of them â€Å"transculturized† into the dominant g...

Discussion Questions law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Questions law - Assignment Example Litigation is also cost prohibitive due to the legal fees and case filing fees involved. Due to the unpredictable time frame involved in trying such cases, additional emotional and financial damage is inflicted upon the person who filed the case. That is why ADR has become a logical alternative for some people who do not want to deal with the hassles of litigation. ADR offers an alternative solution to filing a case in a shorter amount of time because the negotiations involve and informal and less adversarial setting than litigation. Both parties can compromise on an issue with the aid of an expert in the decision making process. This is something that judges approve of as sometimes their knowledge of certain business related cases can be limited. Examples of ADR or arbitration that can happen to a person in his personal or professional life include restructuring of debt payments (personal) and an administrative case filed before a person in his place of office that needs to be resol ved by the owners of the company or its in-house legal department. 2. Substansive law is the written law that defines the crimes and punishments in criminal law, or civil rights under civil law. It is a codified legislated statute that is enacted through public initiative. An example of this law would be the law covering the intentional killing of a person. This should not be confused with Procedural law which is the law that enforces the said rights and duties through rules determined in civil or criminal proceedings. A clear example of a procedural law is when a decision is made to arrest a person. The grounds covering his arrest fall under procedural law. These are totally different from criminal law which, simply put, is the system of law that punishes people who commit crimes such as felonies and misdemeanors. Civil law on the other hand, deals with private relations between community members. Civil law looks to gain compensation for damages received